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Nesting Habits
The nesting habits of subterranean termites can be described in two basic groups:
1. Multi-site nesters (Heterotermes, Schedorhinotermes,
Mastotermes)
2. Central-site nesters (Coptotermes, Nasutitermes)
Multi-site nesters utilise many timber sources for nesting and they can move quickly to a new food source. They are able to reproduce quickly. These species can therefore set up multiple colonies within the same house.
Central-site nesters generally have one large queen and a central nest position. The activity of the colony is to bring back food to this nest. They can infest multiple timber food sources but cannot reproduce within those timbers.
Foraging behaviour
Central-site nesters show definite seasonal variation with their foraging behaviour. Generally, foraging activity is greater in the warmer months and reduced in cooler winter periods.
Multi-site nesters do not have the same restrictions as they can move their nest to adjacent food sources. This type of foraging activity often leads to splitting of one colony into several distinct colonies within the same area.
Termite leads
Termites are prone to desiccation. All significant species that attack buildings construct a system of sealed leads that connect the nest to the food sources. Termites can move safely from the nest to the food and back, in an environment that will protect them against exposure to atmospheric conditions, predators and even pesticides.
Damage to timber and other materials
Timber is the main source of cellulose sought by the commercially important species. Electrical wiring, switches and plug fittings are often attacked and severely damaged by termites. Using covered mud tunnels to link the food supply to the nest, termites will work in timbers that are hidden in floor, wall or ceiling spaces and the damage is often not discovered until structural failure takes place or the termites reveal themselves in some way. Termites can cause extensive damage and more than one colony may attack a building at the same time.
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Property damage caused by termites can be extensive and costs for repairs can vary widely. It is accepted that the average cost to rectify termite damage in Australia is approximately $7,000 although some incidents can render a bill in excess of $50,000.
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